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The first layer is the most superficial and consists of abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis and abductor digiti minimi.

The plantar group consists of all the other intrinsic muscles of the foot and can be subdivided into four layers, going from superficial (plantar) to deep (dorsal) within the foot. Similar to extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis originates on the superolateral surface of the calcaneus and runs along the centre of the dorsal surface of the foot before inserting onto the base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe. These tendons insert onto the lateral aspect of the tendons of extensor digitorum longus, which in turn insert on the base of the proximal phalanx of the second, third and fourth toes. The muscle belly then divides into three and runs along the dorsal surface of the foot before forming three tendons. Extensor digitorum brevisĮxtensor digitorum brevis originates on the superolateral surface of the calcaneus. Both muscles are innervated by the deep fibular nerve (S1, S2). They originate on the superolateral surface of the calcaneus and pass underneath the tendons of extensor digitorum longus as they pass over the dorsal aspect of the foot. The dorsal group consists of two muscles, extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis. These muscles can be further subdivided into two groups, the dorsal and plantar muscles of the foot. Blood supply is from branches of the posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis arteries. The second is to aid the actions of the muscles of the lower leg to produce fine movements of the toes.Īll intrinsic muscles of the foot are innervated by branches of the tibial nerve except for extensor digitorum brevis, which is innervated by the deep fibular nerve. The first is to stabilise the foot and support the arches to maintain foot structure. 🫁Īll intrinsic muscles of the foot originate and insert within it. You might also be interested in our Anatomy Flashcard Collection which contains over 2000 anatomy flashcards in addition to advanced features such as spaced repetition.